Newcastle Disease of Poultry

Introduction

Globally, the new castle disease (ND) is one of the most common and fatal viral disease in poultry at the commercial as well as small scale production flocks. The ND is caused by Paramyxoviridae virus. The disease was discovered for the first time in the area of Newcastle-on-Tyne, England in 1927. The virulence of the virus depends on the serotype of the virus itself and the host type. Mostly, susceptible in the chicken as compared to other birds.

Transmission

The disease is very contagious and spreads to other birds rapidly. The first sign appears between 2-15 days. Sometime the attack of the virus is so strong that the birds may die without showing any symptom.

Possible transmission possibilities are:

• Direct contact with infected birds, feces, or other body secretions

• Through the air, coughing and sneezing from infected birds

• Contaminated equipment, clothing, footwear etc.

• Predators can also spread the disease from one farm to another

Symptoms

Mortality can be up to 100%.

The most common three major symptoms present:

1. Respiratory problems (breathing by open mouth, coughing, sneezing)

2. Nervous Problems (twisting of the head and neck, circling, tremors, paralysis)

3. Reduction in egg production and eggshell quality

Early signs and less acute disease involves:

• Droopy wings

• Green, watery diarrhea

• Depression

• Loss of appetite

• Muscle spasms

Treatment

There is NOT any treatment available for the ND. However, antibiotics can be used to prevent secondary infections.

Prevention

Vaccination and the biosecurity measures are the only possibilities to avoid the disease.

Biosecurity

• Prohibit the visitors to the poultry farm

• No unnecessary vehicles to the premises

• Sperate uniform/ clothing for the farm visit

• If possible, take bath before visiting commercial poultry farm

• Maintain an effective rodent-control program

• Clean and disinfect the farm and the premises regularly

• Wash hands and use hand sanitizers before and after visiting your birds

Vaccination

Commonly used vaccine:

Newcastle Disease Vaccine (LaSota Strain)